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Course: Statistics and probability > Unit 2
Lesson 1: Displaying quantitative data with graphs- Representing data
- Frequency tables & dot plots
- Creating frequency tables
- Creating dot plots
- Reading dot plots & frequency tables
- Dot plots and frequency tables review
- Creating a histogram
- Histograms
- Interpreting a histogram
- Create histograms
- Read histograms
- Histograms review
- Stem-and-leaf plots
- Reading stem and leaf plots
- Reading stem and leaf plots
- Stem and leaf plots review
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Representing data
Data can be represented in multiple ways such as tables, bar graphs, histograms, and frequency plots. These methods provide different perspectives of the same information, helping to answer various questions about the data.
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- What can Represent Data?(32 votes)
- AtSal said you can record data on a bar graph so that's one way you can represent data. 1:38(5 votes)
- AtSal refers to the graph as a bar graph, sometimes known as a histogram. Do they mean the exact same thing or are there differences? 1:38(21 votes)
- hi! a bar graph is different than a histogram: a histogram's bars show data in a range eg 1 bar for 10-20 where as a bar chart shows data for a certain piece of categorical data eg eye colour green's frequency is 4 so the bar goes up 4 blocks. hope this helped, let me know if you need anything else!(5 votes)
- can i eat a brick(15 votes)
- You can it will taste great with ashes of a grill =](10 votes)
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rakiyah jones(19 votes) - Is representing data in our every day life? why representing data important?(8 votes)
- Yes, Every time you read or hear about a Poll, Scientific study or countless other things data is being used(1 vote)
- how do you do stem and leaf plots(9 votes)
- The Stem acts like the tens place and the Leaf is the ones place so you take one number from the stem and one number from the leaf. Than you do that goin down a level after you complete one leaf.(0 votes)
- who else eats bricks(7 votes)
- Why does he sound exited😀(1 vote)
- My best explanation would be that he loves his job and is proud of the way these videos help students.(11 votes)
- how d you do this(4 votes)
- What are the different types of data?(4 votes)
- Hi Simum! There are many types of data, such include: qualitative data - data that can only be written in words, not numbers, for example, the colours of cars in a car park
quantitative data - data that can be written in numbers, for example, the heights of children
discrete data - numerical data that cannot be shown in decimals, for example, the number of children in a classroom
continuous data - numerical data that can be shown in decimals, for example, the weights of 10 babies
primary data - data that has been collected from the original source for a specific purpose, for example, if a school wanted to know what their students thought of the school canteen service they would question the pupils directly
secondary data - data that is not originally collected by a group for a specific purpose, for example, finding out the average cost of cars in a car park by using national statistics
(credits to bbc bitesize)
Hope this helped! :)(1 vote)
Video transcript
- [Voiceover] What I
want to do in this video is think about all of
all the different ways that we can represent data. So right over here, we have a list of, and I'm just using this as one form of data, a list of students' scores on, say, the last test, so
Amy got 90 percent right, Bill got 95 percent right, Cam got 100 percent right, Efra also got 100 percent right, and Farah got 80 percent right. This is one way to show data. Remember, data is just
recorded information, and it could be numeric like this, it could be quantitative,
so you're recording actual numbers, or it could even be things you could record data on
how do they like the test, and they could have scored it based on, I really liked it, I kind of liked it, I didn't like it, or they might have rated it on a scale of zero to five, which would have been numbers, but it's numbers that are
measuring peoples' opinions, as opposed to, here, we have numbers that are measuring their actual scores. So there's all different types of data, and I don't want to get into all of that, but let's just start thinking about different ways to represent this data. So this is one way, you could view this as a table where you have the name, and then you have the score. So you have your name column, and then you have your score column. And I can construct it as a table, so clearly, it looks like a table. Like that, that's one way, one very common way of representing data, just like that. That's actually how most
traditional databases record data, in tables like this. But you could also do it in other ways. So you could record it as a... Often times called a bar graph, or sometimes, a histogram, so you could put score on
the vertical axis here, and then you could have
your names over here. And let's see the scores, let's see, maybe we'll make this a 50. Actually, let me just mark them off. So this is 10, 20, 30, that's too big. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, so that's... And then 100, so that's 100. One, two, three, four, five, that would be 50 right over there, and then you can go person by person. So Amy got a 90 on the exam, so the bar will go up to 90. So that is Amy, and then you have Bill, got a 95, so it's going to be between 90 and 100, so it's going to be right over there. Bill got a 95, and so it'll look like this. Bill, so that is Bill. And then you have Cam,
who got 100, on the exam. So, make sure, you see
I'm hand drawing it, so it's not as precise as if I were to do it on a computer. So this right over there,
that is Cam's score. Efra got the same score as Cam, so her score is going to be, let me do that in Efra's color, and that's Efra's score right there. She also got 100. So, Efra... Efra, and then finally, Farah got an 80, so 60, 70, 80, so Farah got an 80. So this is Farah's score right over here. So this is another way
of representing the data, and here we see it in visual form, but it has the same information. You can look up someone's name, and then figure out their score. Amy scored a 90, Bill scored a 95, Cam scored 100, Efra also scored 100, Farah scored an 80. And there's even other ways you can have some of this information. In fact sometimes, you might
not even know their names, and so then it would be less information but (mumbles) a list of scores. The professor might say,
"Hey, here are the five scores "that people got on the exam." And they were listed 90, 95, 100... 100, and 80, now, if it was listed, this
was all the data you got, this is less information than the data that's in this bar
graph, or this histogram, or the data that's given in this table right over here, because here, not only do we know the scores, but
we know who got what score. Here, we only know the list of scores, but there's even other ways, and this is not an exhaustive video of all of the different ways
you can represent data. You can also represent data by looking at the frequency of scores. So, the frequency of
scores right over here, so instead of writing the people, you could write the scores. So let's see, you could say this is 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100, and then you could record the frequency that
people got these scores. So how many times do we
have a score of an 80? Well, Farah is the only
person with a score of 80, so you put one data point there. No one got an 85, one person got a 90, so you put a data point there. One person got a 95, so you can put that data point right over there. And then two people got 100. So this is one and two. Let's see the other 100 is in this color, so I'll just do it in the color. You wouldn't necessarily have
to color code it like this. So this is another way to represent, and this axis, you could
just view it as the number. So this tells you how many 80s there were, how many 90s there are, how many 95s, and how many 100s. So this right over here, has the same data as this list of numbers. It's just another way of looking at it. And once you have your data arranged in any of these ways, we can start to ask interesting questions. We can ask ourselves things like, well, what is the range of data? What is the range in the data? And the range is just the spread between the lowest point
and the highest point. So the range in this data, is going to be the difference between the highest score, and the highest scores are 100, and the lowest score, an 80, so the range is
going to be the difference between the max, minus the min. The maximum score minus the minimum score. So it's going to be 100 minus 80 is equal to 20, so that
gives you a sense of things, it kind of gives you a sense of spread. You could also ask yourself, well, how many people scored below 100? And these are just interesting questions. Below 100, and you can actually answer that question, well, actually, you could have answered
either of these questions with any of these different
ways of looking at the data. If you say, how many
people scored below 100? Well, one, two, three? How many people scored below 100? Well, 100 is up here, so it's giong to be one, two, three. How many people scored below 100? One, two, three. How many people scored below 100? One, two, three. And so, any way you look at it, you would have gotten three. And you could also ask yourself, what is the most frequent score? So, most frequent. And once again, you could
answer that question with any of these ways of
representing this data. You could look at our original table and you say, look, there's only one 90, one 95, one 80, there's two 100s. So you'd say look, the
most frequent score is 100. You'd see that over here too, you actually have two
100s, there's only one of each of the other scores. Here you also see the 200s, and here is probably the clearest if you're looking at frequency. Sometimes this might be
called a frequency plot. It's often called a frequency plot. And you see here, the most frequent one is the one that has the most dots on it which is 100. So anyway, that's just a very, high level overview of how you can look at data in different ways to represent data, but the one thing I really
want you to get from this, is that these are all different ways of representing the same data. And we could probably invent other ways of doing it as well.